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 DNS (Domain Name System)

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a system used for mapping or translating a URL into its corresponding IP address.
It allows users to access websites using easy-to-remember domain names instead of numeric IP addresses.

 Structure of DNS

A domain name can be divided into:

  • TLD (Top-Level Domain)

  • Main Domain

  • Subdomain

The TLD (Top-Level Domain) is categorized into two main types:

  1. Generic Top-Level Domains (gTLDs) — e.g., .com, .org, .net, etc.

  2. Country Code Top-Level Domains (ccTLDs) — e.g., .tz, .ke, .zm, and many others.

 DNS Naming Rules

When naming a domain:

  • It should not exceed 63 characters.

  • Only letters (A–Z), digits (0–9), and hyphens (-) are allowed.

  • A hyphen cannot appear at the beginning or end of a domain name.

 Types of DNS Records

DNS uses several types of records, including:

  • A record — maps a domain to an IPv4 address

  • AAAA record — maps a domain to an IPv6 address

  • MX record — defines the mail server for a domain

  • TXT record — stores plain text data

  • CNAME record — maps a subdomain to another domain name

In summary:
DNS acts as the internet’s “phonebook,” translating human-readable domain names into machine-readable IP addresses, making it easier for users to access online resources.


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